(A) Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ultrasound imaging
Kev kuaj ultrasonic feem ntau siv lub suab vibration zaus ntawm 2.5 ~ 5. txawv degrees ntawm kev xav, tawg, nrog rau qhov attenuation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ultrasound, tau txais los ntawm tus txais, tom qab cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav ntawm qhov screen raws li lub waveform lossis duab. Raws li hom ultrasound imaging thiab zaub hom, nws muab faib ua A-hom ultrasound, B-hom ultrasound (ob-dimensional ultrasound), M-hom ultrasound, D-hom ultrasound.
(B) Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm 2D sonogram
1. Cov duab thaij duab sau ib ntu ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov chaw kuaj mob, feem ntau sau nrog qhov chaw kuaj xyuas thiab kev taw qhia cheb.
2. Cov duab muaj cov xim dub, dawb thiab grey teeb pom kev, sawv cev rau lub zog ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg echo, cov xim dawb qhia tias muaj zog ncha (qhov txawv ntawm X-ray, CT high density thiab low density).
3. Cov duab tso saib ntau yam yog txwv, thiab cov kab mob loj dua thiab cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem pom tag nrho.
4. Acoustic contrast ntsuam xyuas hloov cov ntaub so ntswg qauv ncha ntawm daim duab.
(C) Ib txwm ua tau zoo ntawm ob-dimensional ultrasound duab
1. Lub cev
Qhov loj thiab contour ntawm daim siab yog tib yam li cov tau piav saum toj no. Lub teeb liab echogenic ntawm daim siab parenchyma yog qis dua li ntawm lub diaphragm thiab kwv yees li sib npaug ntawm cov txiav.
2. Lub gallbladder
Nyob rau hauv transverse thiab longitudinal views, nws zoo nkaus li puag ncig, round-zoo li, los yog oblong, nrog ib tug ntev txoj kab uas hla ntawm tsawg tshaj li 9 cm, ib tug anterior-posterior txoj kab uas hla ntawm tsawg dua 3.5-4 cm, thiab phab ntsa thickness ntawm { {5}} hli.
3. Lub raum
Round, ovoid, taum zoo li tus, du thiab meej, hyperechoic peritoneum, uniform thiab tsis muaj zog echogenic raum parenchyma, hypoechoic raum cone, ureter feem ntau tsis pom vim plab hnyuv cuam tshuam.
(D) Kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim siab
Nyob rau hauv cirrhosis, ultrasound tuaj yeem kuaj pom daim siab atrophy, tag nrho lub siab ntim txo, deformation, deformation tsis sib xws, diffuse thickening thiab txhim kho echogenicity, tsis sib luag thiab ntom me me txawv txav, nyias, tortuous thiab txhav kab mob siab, indirect manifestations muaj splenomegaly, peritoneal kua, thickening ntawm lub cev lub cev thiab cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha portal.
(E) Gallbladder lesion manifestation
1. Loj
Shrinking gallbladder thiab thickening ntawm lub gallbladder phab ntsa yog pom nyob rau hauv cholecystitis ntev, thaum loj ntawm gallbladder qhia cholecystitis thiab biliary obstruction.
2. Calcification
Cov pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub gallbladder thiab cov kua tsib ducts qhia muaj zog echogenicity nrog posterior acoustic shadowing, thiab gallbladder pob zeb tuaj yeem txav tau nrog txoj haujlwm hloov.
3. Dilatation
Intrahepatic bile duct nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla yog ntau dua 2 hli, thiab sab hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kua tsib ntau dua 6 hli, qhia tias dilatation.
4. Filling defect
Pob zeb thiab cov qog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov kab noj hniav cystic. Cov npoo ntawm pob zeb tsis xws luag yog du thiab zoo huv si, thiab cov qog nqaij hlav tsis sib xws.
(F) Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum
Ultrasound yog rhiab heev rau kev kuaj mob raum pob zeb, thiab tuaj yeem kuaj pom hyperechoic, point-like lossis mass-zoo li hauv lub raum calyces, lub raum pelvis lossis ureter, thiab lub suab duab ntxoov ntxoo pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tom qab, thiab lub ureter thiab pelvis saum toj no. yog dilated thiab dej thaum kuaj pom muaj kev cuam tshuam.
