(1) Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kuaj ultrasound
Lub vibration zaus ntawm lub suab nrov feem ntau siv hauv kev kuaj mob ultrasonic yog 2.5 ~ 5.0MHz. Thaum lub ultrasonic nthwv dej propagates nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab dhau los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab qhov txhab, lub acoustic impedance ntawm nruab nrab ntawm ob sab ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv, thiab sib txawv qib ntawm kev xav, tawg, thiab ultrasonic attenuation tshwm sim. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm lub receiver, thiab tom qab ua cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav tshwm sim raws li ib tug waveform los yog duab ntawm lub screen. Raws li hom thiab tso saib hom ntawm ultrasound imaging, nws muab faib ua A-type ultrasound, B-hom ultrasound (ob-dimensional ultrasound), M-hom ultrasound, thiab D-hom ultrasound.
(2) Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm 2D sonogram
① Cov ntaub ntawv teev cia yog ob qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm qhov chaw soj ntsuam, thiab qhov chaw soj ntsuam thiab kev ntsuas kev ntsuas feem ntau raug cim.
② Cov duab yog tsim los ntawm cov xim dub, dawb, thiab grey dots, uas sawv cev rau lub zog ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cov qauv ncha, thiab cov xim dawb dua, qhov muaj zog ntawm ncha (qhov txawv ntawm high-density thiab low-density X-ray thiab CT).
③ Cov duab tso saib ntau yam yog txwv, thiab lub cev loj dua thiab cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim tag nrho.
④ Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab hloov pauv cov ncha ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm daim duab.
(3) Ib txwm zoo li ob-dimensional ultrasound duab
1. Lub cev
Qhov luaj li cas thiab cov txheej txheem yog tib yam li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas dhau los, thiab lub ncha teeb liab ntawm lub siab parenchyma yog qis dua li ntawm lub diaphragm, uas yog kwv yees sib npaug ntawm lub txiav.
2. Lub gallbladder
Nyob rau ntu ntu thiab ntu ntev, nws yog puag ncig, quasi-circular, lossis oblong, nrog txoj kab uas hla ntev dua 9cm, anteroposterior txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 3.5-4cm, thiab phab ntsa tuab ntawm { {5}} hli. Lub ntug ntawm lub gallbladder phab ntsa yog du thiab hyperechoic. Echo, nce echo nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub gallbladder.
3. Lub raum
Hloov, oval, thiab taum-puab, cov tshuaj ntsiav yog du thiab meej, hyperechoic, lub raum parenchyma yog ib yam thiab tsis muaj zog echogenic, lub raum pyramids yog hypoechoic, thiab cov ureter feem ntau tsis tshwm sim vim plab hnyuv cuam tshuam.
(4) Cov tsos mob ntawm daim siab mob
Nyob rau hauv daim siab cirrhosis, ultrasound tuaj yeem kuaj pom daim siab atrophy, tag nrho lub siab ntim txo, deformation, tsis sib xws, diffuse thickening thiab txhim khu cov echoes, tsis sib luag thiab ntom me me taw tes zoo li txawv txav, thinning, tortuous, thiab tawv nqaij ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thiab indirect. kev tshwm sim. Xws li splenomegaly, peritoneal effusion, portal leeg pob tw thiab lub ntsiab ceg thickening.
(5) Kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob gallbladder
1. loj
Shrunken gallbladder nrog thickened gallbladder phab ntsa yog pom nyob rau hauv mob cholecystitis, thiab loj gallbladder qhia cholecystitis thiab biliary system obstruction.
2. Calcification
Pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub gallbladder thiab cov kua tsib ducts tshwm sim raws li muaj zog echoes, nrog los ntawm acoustic ntxoov ntxoo tom qab, thiab gallbladder pob zeb yuav txav tau nrog kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev txoj hauj lwm.
3. Kev nthuav dav
Sab hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kua tsib intrahepatic yog ntau dua 2 hli, thiab sab hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm txoj kab uas hla yog ntau tshaj 6 hli, qhia tias dilatation.
4. Filling defect
Cov pob zeb thiab cov qog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv lub cyst kab noj hniav, thiab cov npoo ntawm pob zeb tsis xws luag yog du, thiab cov qog feem ntau tsis sib xws.
(6) Kev tshwm sim ntawm kab mob raum
Ultrasound yog rhiab heev rau lub raum pob zeb, thiab tuaj yeem kuaj pom hyperechoic calyces, lub raum pelvis, los yog ureter nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dots los yog masses, nrog suab ntxoov ntxoo pom tom qab, thiab dilated hydrops nyob rau hauv lub Upper ureter thiab lub raum pelvis thaum obstructed.
