Cov qauv thiab hom ntawmultrasoundsojntsuam, raws li zoo raws li cov kev mob ntawm sab nraud excitation mem tes tsis, kev ua hauj lwm, thiab tsom xam hom, muaj ntau yam ua rau cov duab ntawm lub ultrasound beam nws emits, thiab nws kuj muaj ntau yam ua rau kev ua tau zoo, muaj nuj nqi, thiab zoo. ntawm lub tshuab kuaj mob ultrasound. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj kev sib raug zoo me ntsis nrog cov duab ntawm lub nqaj ultrasound; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm piezoelectric, lub suab siab, lub suab siv, thiab cov duab zoo ntawm nws cov emission thiab txais tos muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau dua.
Pulse echo sojntsuam:
Ib qho kev sojntsuam: Nws feem ntau xaiv piezoelectric ceramics hauv av rau hauv ib lub tiaj tiaj tiaj raws li cov transducer. Ultrasound tsom feem ntau yog siv ob txoj hauv kev: nyias lub plhaub kheej kheej lossis lub tais zoo li tus transducer active focusing thiab tiaj tus nyias disc suab-dating lens tsom. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv A-hom, M-hom, mechanical kiv cua scan thiab mem tes Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic khoom.
Mechanical sojntsuam: Tus naj npawb ntawm cov xovxwm electro-chips thiab lub zog txav tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: unit transducer reciprocating viav vias scanning thiab ntau lub ntsiab lus transducer rotating switching scanning sojntsuam. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau scan sib txawv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua sector scan, panoramic radial scan thiab duab plaub lub dav hlau linear scan sojntsuam.
Kev sojntsuam hluav taws xob: Nws siv cov qauv ntau yam thiab siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ua lub suab beam scanning. Raws li cov qauv thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua linear array, convex array thiab phased array probe.
Intraoperative sojntsuam: Nws yog siv los tso saib cov qauv sab hauv thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej phais mob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib tug high-frequency sojntsuam nrog ib tug zaus ntawm txog 7MHz. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov me me thiab kev daws teeb meem siab. Nws muaj peb hom: mechanical scanning type, convex array type and wire control type.
Puncture sojntsuam: Nws dhau los ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm lub cev kab noj hniav, zam lub ntsws gas, gastrointestinal gastrointestinal gastrointestinal thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg kom tau ze rau cov ntaub so ntswg sib sib zog nqus mus kuaj, txhim kho kev kuaj pom thiab kev daws teeb meem. Tam sim no, muaj kev sojntsuam transrectal, transurethral probes, transvaginal probes, transesophageal probes, gastroscopic probes thiab laparoscopic probes. Cov kev sojntsuam no yog txhua yam, hlau tswj lossis convex array hom; muaj lub kaum ntse ntse sib txawv; muaj ib hom dav hlau thiab ntau hom dav hlau. Qhov zaus yog qhov siab, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 6MHz. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, transvascular probes nrog ib tug caliber tsawg tshaj li 2 hli thiab ib tug zaus saum 30MHz kuj tau tsim.
Transluminal sojntsuam: Nws dhau los ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm lub cev kab noj hniav, zam lub ntsws gas, gastrointestinal gastrointestinal, thiab cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg kom ze rau cov ntaub so ntswg sib sib zog nqus mus kuaj, txhim kho kev kuaj pom thiab kev daws teeb meem.
Tam sim no, muaj kev sojntsuam transrectal, transurethral probes, transvaginal probes, transesophageal probes, gastroscopic probes, thiab laparoscopic probes. Cov kev sojntsuam no yog cov neeg kho tshuab, xaim-tswj, lossis convex array hom; muaj lub kaum ntse ntse sib txawv; muaj ib hom dav hlau thiab ntau hom dav hlau. Qhov zaus yog qhov siab, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 6MHz. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, transvascular probes nrog ib tug caliber tsawg tshaj li 2 hli thiab ib tug zaus saum 30MHz kuj tau tsim.
Doppler sojntsuam tsuas yog siv cov nyhuv Doppler los ntsuas cov ntshav tsis txaus, nrog rau kev kuaj mob plawv, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev saib xyuas menyuam hauv plab. Nws tau muab faib ua peb hom hauv qab no:
1. Nruam-yoj Doppler sojntsuam: Feem ntau ntawm cov transmitter thiab receiver chips yog sib cais. Txhawm rau ua kom tsis tu ncua yoj Doppler sojntsuam muaj qhov rhiab heev, feem ntau tsis muaj qhov nqus nqus ntxiv. Raws li kev siv sib txawv, txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov xaim xaim thiab cov nti tau txais ntawm qhov nruam yoj Doppler sojntsuam kuj txawv.
2. Pulse yoj Doppler sojntsuam: Cov qauv feem ntau yog tib yam li cov mem tes echo sojntsuam, siv ib leeg-siab wafer, nrog cov txheej txheem sib txuam thiab kev nqus nqus.
3. Plum-puab sojntsuam: Nws cov qauv yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm tsuas yog ib qho xaim nti thiab rau qhov tau txais chips nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, teem caij rau hauv lub paj paj, siv los xyuas tus me nyuam hauv plab thiab tau txais lub plawv dhia.
