Cov cuab yeej siv kho mob siv los saib ncaj qha rau hauv cov chav sab hauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog hu ua endoscope. Endoscope feem ntau muaj lub koob yees duab, lub teeb txias qhov chaw, lub ntsiab cav, zaub, coj nqaj thiab lwm yam qauv thiab lo ntsiab muag rau ntau qhov chaw. Endoscope los ntawm lub ntuj orifice los yog me me incision rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, los ntawm CCD tau thiab cov kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam ua nyob rau hauv lub sab nrauv duab imaging, feem ntau yog siv rau tib neeg lub cev los yog cov ntaub so ntswg kuaj thiab kho phais.
Raws li nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov qauv duab, nws tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg: hard tube endoscope, fiber endoscope thiab hluav taws xob endoscope.
Hard tube endoscope
Lub hard tube endoscope suav nrog peb ntu: kev xa cov duab, teeb pom kev zoo thiab ua haujlwm channel. Cov duab kis tau tus mob yog tsim los ntawm lub hom phiaj lens, relay system thiab eyepiece. Lub teeb pom kev zoo txais yuav txoj kev ntawm lub teeb txias qhov chaw nrog optical fiber nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw. Cov haujlwm ntawm cov channel ua haujlwm yog huab cua, dej thiab biopsy forceps. Rigid endoscope cov khoom muaj xws li laryngoscope, sinusoscope, cystoscope, hysteroscope, proctoscope, thiab lwm yam.
Laryngoscope, sinusoscope thiab amnioscope yog tsim los ntawm sab nraud lens raj, kho qhov muag taw qhia beam, endoscopic raj, kho qhov muag system, daim iav lub cev, kho qhov muag qhia beam interface, qhov muag nozzle, eyepiece npog, thiab lwm yam.
Cystoscope muaj optical endoscope, tus neeg teb xov tooj, lens sheath, speculum choj thiab lwm yam.
Lub hysteroscope muaj 22 degree Angle sab nraud daim iav raj, ib qho kev taw qhia kho qhov muag, lub raj endoscopic, lub tshuab kho qhov muag, daim iav lub cev, lub qhov muag pom kev sib tshuam, lub qhov muag, lub raj infusion, lub raj ua haujlwm, ib lub stopper, thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam plug.
Lwm qhov muaj lub cev endoscope, tus neeg teb xov tooj thiab lub plhaub. Proctoscope yog endoscope nrog optical system, uas yog tsim los ntawm obturator, peephole raj, kov, iav disc, cua txhaj nozzle, lub teeb beam interface, thiab lwm yam.
Lwm qhov yog qhov endoscope tsis muaj optical system, tsuas yog sab hauv thiab sab nraud peep raj, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog nruab nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo, nrog ib tug kov, daim iav disk, cua txhaj nozzle, lub teeb beam interface, thiab lwm yam.
Fiberscope
Ib qho endoscope uas xa cov duab thiab coj lub teeb nrog lub teeb fiber ntau lossis xa cov duab nrog CCD hu ua fiberscope. Vim nws zoo softness thiab yooj yim khiav lag luam, nws tau dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Tam sim no, cov khoom muaj xws li gastroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, choledochoscope, colonoscope, bronchoscope, ureteroscope thiab hais txog.
Fiber endoscope feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm eyepiece, tes log (mos lossis semi-rigid), clamp lub qhov ncauj, beam qhia interface, duab qhia beam, beam qhia, qee yam khoom kuj suav nrog dej (cua) qhov, obturator, thiab lwm yam.
Electronic endoscope
Cov tshuab hluav taws xob endoscope feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv endoscopes, cov cuab yeej ua duab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob endoscopic txias, cov lus qhia thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Lub teeb los ntawm lub teeb txias txias ntawm lub endoscope yog nkag mus rau hauv lub endoscope los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev kho qhov muag, thiab illuminates lub mucous daim nyias nyias los ntawm illuminating fiber thiab lub illuminating lens. Cov duab sensor (CCD lossis CMOS) tom kawg ntawm lub taub hau hloov pauv qhov tau txais mucosal cuam tshuam lub teeb liab rau hauv hluav taws xob teeb liab, uas yog kis los ntawm cable mus rau cov duab ua khoom siv. Cov duab ua cov cuab yeej tau txais cov duab teeb liab los ntawm endoscope thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv cov duab teeb liab, uas yog thaum kawg nthuav tawm ntawm qhov screen ntawm lub monitor.
Endoscopes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov mucous puas thaum siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv rau kev phais. Thaum cov tshuaj endoscopes kis kab mob nrog cov kab mob, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab kis kab mob. Cov neeg siv yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam hauv qhov endoscopes ua ntej thiab tom qab siv txhua.
