Cov lus nug nquag nug txog MRI
Nuclear magnetic resonance yog dab tsi?
Sib Nqus Resonance Imaging (MRI) yog cov txheej txheem imaging uas siv cov teeb liab tsim los ntawm atomic nuclei nyob rau hauv lub magnetic teb los tsim kho cov duab. Nuclear magnetic resonance yog txawv kiag li ntawm ib txwm X-ray thiab CT. Nws yog ib lub tshuab magnetic spin imaging technology. Nws siv cov hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev kom zoo siab los ntawm xov tooj cua zaus pulses nyob rau hauv ib tug sab nraud muaj zog magnetic teb los tsim nuclear magnetic resonance phenomena. Tom qab spatial coding thev naus laus zis, siv cov coil tau txais los kuaj xyuas thiab lees txais cov teeb liab sib nqus sib nqus resonance tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm electromagnetic, muab cov ntaub ntawv tau txais mus rau hauv lub computer rau kev tsim kho, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws mus rau hauv cov duab uas tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm tib neeg rau kev kuaj mob. . Cov duab tau los ntawm MRI yog qhov tseeb thiab kev daws teeb meem siab, nrog qhov sib txawv zoo, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav cov duab hauv ntau cov lus qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov paj hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob thiab kev tshawb pom qhov txhab.
Qhov zoo ntawm MRI yog dab tsi?
1. Kev soj ntsuam magnetic resonance muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob;
2. Cov duab qhia ntau yam tuaj yeem ua tau;
3. Cov duab sib nqus resonance muaj cov ntaub so ntswg zoo sib xws thiab siab txhais;
4. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas morphological, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntshav ntws (ceev, ntws), biochemical hloov pauv thiab cov haujlwm metabolic kuj tuaj yeem ntsuas.
5. Cerebral vascular imaging tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv.
Dab tsi los saib rau hauv NMR
(1) Tsis muaj contraindications
1. Cov neeg uas muaj lub plawv pacemakers thiab neurostimulators yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub scanning, thiab tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv lub 5 Gauss kab (uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub scanning chav tsev).
2. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum raug txwv yog tias muaj cov kab mob aneurysm lossis hlau txawv teb chaws hauv lub qhov muag.
3. Cov neeg mob kub taub hau.
4. Claustrophobic (ntshai nyob ib leeg hauv qhov chaw me me).
(2) txheeb ze contraindications
1. Yog hais tias cov khoom txawv teb chaws hlau nyob hauv lub cev (cov hniav hniav, cov nplhaib tiv thaiv kab mob, cov khoom siv hlau, cov hlau txuas tom qab phais, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, ua tib zoo xyuas kom tus neeg mob tsis txhob raug mob los ntawm kev txav los yog kub ntawm cov khoom hlau. tsim cov khoom cuav uas cuam tshuam kev kuaj mob. Yog tias koj luam theej duab lwm qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas seb puas muaj qhov tsis xis nyob.
2. Cov neeg mob uas tsis nco qab, tsis nco qab, lub hlwb tsis zoo, ua rau muaj mob vwm lossis mob plawv, cov neeg mob uas raug mob hnyav, claustrophobia, cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg mob uas tsis koom tes yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kom zoo, nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob lossis cov neeg hauv tsev neeg.
3. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov me nyuam mos yuav tsum tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm kws kho mob rau lwm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
(3) Kev ceev faj scanning
1. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom hlau ntawm lub cev, thiab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los hloov khaub ncaws los tiv thaiv cov khoom hlau los ntawm kev nqus mus rau hauv cov hlau nplaum thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov sib xws ntawm cov hlau nplaum, lossis txawm tias ua rau tus neeg mob raug mob.
2. Thaum lub sij hawm scanning, tus neeg mob lub cev (daim tawv nqaij) yuav tsum tsis txhob ncaj qha mus kov lub puab phab ntsa ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab ntau yam xov hlau los tiv thaiv tus neeg mob los ntawm hlawv.
3. Cov neeg mob yuav tsum hnav lub pob ntseg kom tsis txhob hnov qab.
4. Tsis txhob muab koj txhais tes ua ke, thiab tsis txhob kov cov tawv nqaij ntawm lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, kom txo tau cov tsos mob ntawm peripheral paj stimulation.
3. Cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb
1. Nws yog txwv tsis pub rau txhua yam khoom siv hlau nkag mus rau hauv chav hlau nplaum, xws li tsheb hlau, txaj, stretchers, oxygen cylinders, thiab lwm yam., los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej loj thiab txawm tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tus kheej.
2. Txhua yam khoom siv cawm siav yuav tsum tsis txhob coj mus rau hauv chav hlau nplaum.
Dab tsi yog tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv siv hauv NMR?
(1) Magnetic resonance contrast agents tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
1. Paramagnetic positive contrast agent. Feem ntau siv yog Gd-DTPA (Maggenweixian; sib nqus zaub meglumine), Mn-DPDP thiab lwm yam. Nws cov nyhuv yog tsuas yog ua kom luv T1 thiab qhia cov teeb liab siab ntawm T1- hnyav duab.
2. Cov tshuaj superparamagnetic. Feem ntau siv yog superparamagnetic hlau oxide hais (SPIO), xws li AMI-25 thiab Resovist. Nws cov nyhuv yog tsuas yog ua kom luv T2, thiab nws tsis tshua muaj teeb liab ntawm T2- hnyav duab.
(2) Cov lus qhia:
Nws yog siv rau kev sib nqus resonance imaging (MRI) li, xws li: txhim khu kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub paj hlwb, plawv nqaij, siab, mis, pob txha, raum thiab lwm yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
(3) Tus neeg sawv cev sib piv tam sim no siv los ntawm cov kawm tiav qib siab yog: Gd-DTPA.
Kev kho mob ntawm MRI yog dab tsi?
1. Lub paj hlwb thiab txha nraub qaum: Ntau yam kab mob uas tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb thiab txha nraub qaum yog tsim rau kev kuaj MRI. Kev siv qee cov thev naus laus zis tshiab ntawm MR tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob cerebrovascular kuaj tau thaum ntxov.
2. Lub taub hau thiab caj dab: Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav, congenital dysplasia ntawm pob ntseg sab hauv, o thiab qog ntawm qhov ntswg thiab qhov ntswg kab noj hniav, caj pas, qog, qog nqaij hlav, qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav thiab caj dab loj.
3. Cov hlab ntsha loj ntawm lub plawv: MRI tuaj yeem ntsuas cov duab thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, thiab muaj kev kuaj mob siab rau ntau yam kab mob hauv lub cev thiab kis tau lub plawv. MRI myocardial perfusion imaging yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm myocardial tom qab myocardial infarction. MR angiography tuaj yeem pom cov kab mob vascular, xws li arteriosclerosis, stenosis, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, thiab lwm yam, uas yog piv rau DSA angiography.
4. Lub hauv siab: MRI muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qog nqaij hlav hauv nruab nrab, cov kab mob pleural, thiab mob ntsws cancer.
5. Lub plab: MRI muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, xws li daim siab, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, raum thiab qog adrenal. Kev kuaj pom tus nqi ntawm me me hepatocellular carcinoma yog siab dua li ntawm CT, thiab cov zaub thaum ntxov ntawm lwm cov qog nqaij hlav, kev kwv yees ntawm vascular ntxeem tau thiab theem ntawm cov qog zoo dua CT. Sib nqus resonance cholangiopancreatography thiab urinary tract imaging tuaj yeem tso saib cov kab mob pancreaticobiliary duct system thiab urinary tract system yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev thiab intubation, txhawm rau pom qhov cuam tshuam thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob pancreaticobiliary duct thiab cov zis, thiab kom nkag siab qhov chaw thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, Nws yuav pab tau heev kom nrhiav tau congenital deformities, thiab lwm yam.
6. Pelvic kab noj hniav: Nws yog siv rau kev kuaj mob ntawm lub zais zis, qog gynecological thiab txiv neej prostate cancer. Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob uterine thiab cov kab mob prostate yog pom tseeb zoo dua li CT.
7. Musculoskeletal joint system: MRI tuaj yeem pom cov pob txha pob txha, ligaments, cov leeg thiab cov leeg, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj rau CT hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob sib koom tes, thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho arthroscopy rau qee yam. MRI kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm aseptic necrosis ntawm pob txha. MRI kuj tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj pom cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov pob txha thiab metastatic. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob rau cov leeg nqaij thiab cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov leeg nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, xws li qog nqaij hlav, leukemia, kab mob thiab kab mob metabolic.
8. Lub mis: MR muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob ntawm lub mis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob qog noj ntshav.
9. Kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb: suav nrog magnetic resonance angiography (MRA, MRV), cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), urography (MRU), spinal canal imaging (MRM), diffusion imaging (DWI), perfusion imaging (PWI), diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) thiab Sib Nqus Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS).
