Ultrasound science lus qhia
Txawm hais tias nws yog kev kuaj mob lossis mus ntsib tsev kho mob, cov kws kho mob ib txwm hais kom cov neeg mob kuaj ultrasound. Cov neeg feem coob nkag siab txog ultrasound txhais tau hais tias tus poj niam cev xeeb tub xav tau ultrasound, tab sis qhov tseeb yog tias ultrasound tsis yog siv los tshuaj xyuas tus menyuam xwb, nws tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm kev siv tshuaj ultrasound xwb. Dab tsi yog ultrasound? Yuav siv li cas los tshuaj xyuas tib neeg lub cev?
Ultrasound, los yog ultrasound, yog ib tug mechanical yoj. Qhov zaus ntawm lub suab nrov uas tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm tib neeg pob ntseg yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20 thiab 20 000 Hz. Thaum qhov zaus ntawm lub suab nthwv dej vibrates saum 20 000 Hz lossis qis dua 20 Hz, peb tsis tuaj yeem hnov lawv. Yog li ntawd, peb hu suab tsis muaj zaus siab tshaj 20 000 Hz "ultrasound". Ultrasound muaj cov kev taw qhia zoo, muaj peev xwm nkag mus tau yooj yim, yooj yim kom tau txais ntau lub suab nrov zog, hauv dej kom kis tau deb thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntsuas qhov deb, ceev, ntxuav, vuam, pob zeb crushing, thiab lwm yam., hauv tshuaj, tub rog , kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb yog dav siv.
Qhov zaus ntawm ultrasound siv rau kev kuaj mob yog 2-10 MHz, thiab nws tuaj yeem kis tau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab rov qab mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv tom qab kov lawv. Raws li cov cuab yeej ntawm lub cev no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau yam khoom siv ultrasound. Ultrasound nthwv dej yog tsim thiab tawm los ntawm kev sojntsuam, thiab tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom acoustic ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, qee qhov ntawm ultrasound tsis tau rov qab los, thiab tom qab ntawd lees txais los ntawm kev sojntsuam thiab ua tiav los ntawm lub computer. los tso saib thiab piav qhia txog lub waveform, nkhaus lossis duab, thiab tus kws tshaj lij ultrasonographer ua qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm lub cev thiab cov kab mob pathological raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim duab.
Puas yog ultrasound muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev? Ultrasound tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm, qauv lossis lub xeev ntawm cov kab mob lom neeg thaum nws nthuav tawm los ntawm nws. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov koob tshuaj ultrasound thiab qhov ntev ntawm kev kuaj mob. Cov koob tshuaj thiab lub sijhawm ntawm ultrasound siv nyob rau hauv kev kuaj mob yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam kev nyab xeeb thiab cov teebmeem ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog yuav luag negligible.
Lwm tus tuaj yeem nug seb ultrasound puas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam. Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no tseem tsis tau meej meej thoob ntiaj teb. Cov hauv qab no yog qee qhov kev nkag siab ntau dua nyob hauv Suav teb: 1. Yog tias muaj lub hom phiaj kuaj pom tseeb, kev kuaj xyuas ultrasound thiab lwm yam kev kuaj mob yuav tsum tau nquag siv; 2. Lub paj hlwb, ob lub qhov muag, medulla, lub plawv thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis pub dhau 3-5 feeb ntawm kev teem sijhawm ultrasound. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus no tau ua raws, kev kuaj ultrasound ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov zoo ntawm kev kuaj mob ultrasound yog tias nws tsis mob thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob, yooj yim rau kev kuaj xyuas, intuitive thiab meej, yog li nws nrov heev nrog cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg mob. Ua ke nrog X-ray CT, magnetic resonance imaging thiab isotope scanning, nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm plaub txoj kev kuaj mob loj hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab txhim kho ib leeg.
Muaj ntau hom kev kuaj mob ultrasound, feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom A, hom B, hom D, hom M thiab lwm yam. Ultrasound A thiab ultrasound M yog ob qho tib si ib-dimensional dluab, thiab ultrasound A tau raug tshem tawm loj nyob rau hauv lwm yam teb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm ophthalmology, thaum ultrasound M yog tsuas yog siv rau lub plawv ultrasound. ultrasound B yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov kev kuaj mob ultrasound, thiab nws tuaj yeem ncaj qha tso saib ob sab spatial dluab, yog li nws tseem hu ua ob-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound D, tseem hu ua Doppler, yog siv los kuaj ntshav txaus thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev los ntawm Doppler. Doppler zaus hloov lub teeb liab ntawm cov ntshav ntws thiab cov khoom hauv nruab nrog cev yog superimposed ntawm ob sab duab ntawm B-hom ultrasound tom qab ua tiav thiab xim coding los ntawm autocorrelation cov tswv yim, uas feem ntau hu ua xim ultrasound. Ntau tus neeg xav tias xim ultrasound yog xim TV teeb thiab tag nrho cov duab pom yuav tsum yog xim, txawm li cas los xij, xim ultrasound tsis txhais tau tias puv npo xim thiab tsuas yog ib feem qhia liab lossis xiav thaum saib cov ntshav ntws. Yog li ntawd, xim ultrasound muab ob qho tib si morphological thiab haemodynamic cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ob-dimensional dluab thiab yog tam sim no lub ntsiab ntawm kev kuaj mob ultrasound.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li ultrasound peb-dimensional thiab ultrasonography tau tshwm sim, ob qho tib si yog nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob sai. Tam sim no, peb-dimensional ultrasound yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob obstetrics rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus me nyuam, thiab ultrasound, uas yog ua los ntawm txhaj ib tug sib piv tus neeg sawv cev rau hauv cov hlab ntsha rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev pom, tau ua nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob loj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. , ua qhov Scope thiab theem ntawm kev kuaj mob ultrasound zoo heev.
Cov kev kuaj ultrasound yog ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Qee lub cev los yog cov kab mob nyob sib sib zog nqus hauv lub plab kab noj hniav, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm cov ntaub so ntswg, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav intracavitary tuaj yeem siv tau, xws li kev kuaj mob transesophageal ntawm lub plab zom mov thiab lub plawv, kev kuaj xyuas transrectal. prostate, transvaginal kuaj ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab adnexa, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseeb tso los yog txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj, cov kua dej catheters lossis cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ultrasound rau hauv qhov txhab, cystic kab noj hniav, lub cev kab noj hniav, ducts thiab lwm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau mus txog rau kev kuaj mob lossis / thiab cov hom phiaj kho mob hu ua interventional ultrasound. Tsis tas li ntawd, ultrasound tuaj yeem siv los coj kev kho cov qog los yog ncaj qha los kho cov qog siv lub zog siab tsom ultrasound.
Ultrasound yog siv dav hauv lub cev, hauv cranium, plawv, hlab ntsha, siab, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, hauv siab, ob lub raum, ureters, zais zis, urethra, uterus, pelvic adnexa, prostate, seminal vesicles, as Well as nyob rau hauv lub plab mog. ob lub qhov muag, thyroid, mis, qog qaub ncaug, testes, peripheral qab haus huv thiab tendons ntawm caj dab. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev txwv rau kev kuaj mob ultrasound, xws li kev kuaj mob tsawg rau cov pob txha, lub ntsws thiab lub plab zom mov. Kev kuaj mob ultrasound yog ua raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov duab los ntawm tus kws kho mob tom qab noj tus neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv kho mob thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv kho mob, thiab tsis ncaj qha qhia cov kev tshawb pom ntawm pathological.
