Peb yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog tus tsiaj/CT?
Tus tsiaj/CT yog cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj nuclear uas ua ke ua ke PET thiab CT tshuab. Tus tsiaj muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev zom zaub mov ntawm qhov txhab, thaum CT muab qhov tseeb ntawm lub cev qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhab, thiab kev siv duab ib zaug tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab tomographic ntawm tag nrho lub cev. Sib piv nrog tus tsiaj PET ywj siab thiab CT, tus tsiaj/CT tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov rhiab heev, raug, tshwj xeeb thiab muab tso rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj mob. Nws tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm tag nrho lub cev ib nrais muag, thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ntxov ntawm qhov txhab thiab kuaj mob. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev kuaj pom ntxov thiab kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob loj hauv qog, lub paj hlwb thiab lub plawv.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv loj ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Txhua Xyoo Cancer Ntiaj Teb tshaj tawm xyoo 2018, muaj kwv yees li 18.1 lab tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav tshiab thiab 9.6 lab tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav tuag thoob ntiaj teb. Muaj 1 tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav hauv txhua 65 tus neeg hauv peb lub tebchaws, uas yog thawj tus neeg tuag. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization), tus nqi kho tam sim no thiab tus neeg muaj sia nyob ntawm ntau txoj kev kho mob tsis txaus siab rau tib neeg. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias kev kuaj mob lig dhau lawm, kev teeb tsa tsis raug, thiab kho tsis tiav. Vim tias PET/CT tuaj yeem pom qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cell metabolism hauv lub cev, nws muaj peev xwm piav qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qog' thawj cov qog (kev sib txawv ntawm cov qog benign thiab malignant, qog staging thiab qib) ua ntej yam ntxwv thiab morphological hloov pauv, thiab seb puas muaj kab mob kis metastatic (cov xwm txheej hauv lub cev) Kev tshuaj xyuas), cov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas (ob peb hnub lossis ntau teev tom qab kev kho hluav taws xob tuaj yeem pom qhov kev kho mob ntawm cov qog, kho qhov phiaj xwm kev kho mob raws sijhawm, thiab kho qhov tsis tiav. kho qhov txhab), thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv rau, PET/CT muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev txhim kho lub paj hlwb lub qhov txhab ua ntej kev phais, kev txheeb xyuas cov hluav taws xob necrosis thiab rov tshwm sim tom qab kho qog, kev faib tawm ntawm lub hlwb qog qog noj ntshav, thiab kab mob paj hlwb.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov hluav taws xob nqa los ntawm PET/CT feem ntau ua rau tib neeg&"cuam tshuam rau &". Tus nqi hluav taws xob tau kuaj hauv tus tsiaj/CT tag nrho lub cev yog kwv yees li 7.5mSv. lub tswvyim no yog dab tsi? Qhov xwm txheej, tib neeg tau txais kwv yees li 2.4mSv ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntuj txhua xyoo, yog li koob tshuaj PET/CT tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Hauv kev teb rau cov teeb meem hluav taws xob ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tshwm sim los ntawm CT thiab txhaj tshuaj PET radiopharmaceuticals hauv PET/CT scan, Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, International Radiological Commission thiab International Medical Physics Organization tau teeb tsa kev kho mob kom zoo thiab ntsuas kev tswj hwm, thiab tawm tswv yim hais txog Kev Tshaj Tawm hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua raws ALARA (Raws Li Tsawg Raws Li Qhov Tsim Nyog Tau Txais Tau) txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm raug cai thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo. Nws tau cia siab tias cov duab kuaj pom zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tau txais nrog cov hluav taws xob tsawg tshaj plaws thiab koob tshuaj hluav taws xob, thaum txuas ntxiv txo tus nqi ntawm PET/CT kev tshuaj xyuas thiab txo lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas.
Txawm li cas los xij, txo qhov txhaj tshuaj radiotracer yuav ua kom nrov nrov Poisson, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov duab zoo, kuaj pom qhov txhab thiab ntau qhov tseeb ntawm tus tsiaj. Hauv kev ntsuas koob tshuaj qis, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yuav raug nkag mus hauv qab cov suab nrov nce. Los ntawm kev rov kho dua/ua kom zoo dua kev rov tsim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj qis, qhov kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab nrov thiab teeb liab sib txuas tuaj yeem ua tiav. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem uas tau hais los saud, ntau lub algorithms thiab thev naus laus zis tau thov, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj thiab kev kawm tob tob. Ntawm lawv, cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj feem ntau suav nrog kev rov tsim dua tshiab/lim cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem qhia lub cev, cov qauv kev suav sau hauv cov txheej txheem rov tsim kho dua, thiab tshem tawm suab nrov thiab kho qhov ntim ib nrab raws li kev qhia ntawm MRI. Txawm hais tias cov hau kev no sim txo qis suab nrov thiab ua kom yuam kev, tseem muaj teeb meem nrog kev daws teeb meem tsis sib haum thiab ua kom ntau dhau.
Kev kawm tob tob tau lees paub lub peev xwm hauv kev daws teeb meem hloov pauv, xws li kev tsim kho duab los ntawm kev kwv yees. Cov txheej txheem txhim kho duab ntawm CT, PET thiab SPECT siv kev kawm tob tob thev naus laus zis muaj qhov zoo ib yam. Tam sim no muaj plaub lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: Thawj txoj hauv kev yog txheej txheem kev kawm duab-rau-duab, uas yog, txheej txheem kev kawm duab-rau-duab tau ua hauv qhov chaw duab. Hloov cov duab, cob qhia cov qauv network los txhim kho cov duab zoo ntawm cov duab rov tsim dua tshiab los ntawm kev lees paub thiab ua qauv zoo tshaj. Txoj hauv kev thib ob yog txheej txheem kev kawm sinogram-rau-sinogram, uas yog, kev cob qhia cov qauv kev kawm tob hauv thaj chaw kwv yees txhawm rau txhim kho cov duab zoo ntawm sinogram kom zam kev nkag siab thiab vam khom rau kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Txoj hauv kev thib peb yog txheej txheem kev kawm sinogram-rau-duab, uas yog, kev kawm tsis qhia kev sib piv kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov projection domain thiab cov duab sau los ntawm cov qauv network, tshem tawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem rov tsim dua tshiab, thiab tsim cov duab hauv ib kauj ruam. Txoj kev thib plaub tuaj yeem hu ua kev kawm sib xyaw ua ke. Los ntawm fusing kev rov tsim dua tshiab thiab kev kawm tob, cov qauv network tau kawm hauv qhov projection domain thiab cov duab sau tib lub sijhawm kom paub qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev teeb tsa duab.
Kev lag luam tam sim no feem ntau siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj PET qis hauv cov duab, uas yog, tom qab PET/CT cov cuab yeej tso tawm cov duab, cov duab zoo tau zoo dua los ntawm cov duab tom qab ua tiav. Vim yog lub suab nrov loj hauv cov duab PET qis, cov suab nrov no zais ntau yam kev tsim hauv PET cov duab. Txoj hauv kev no feem ntau ua rau cov duab cuav, ntau qhov ua yuam kev, thiab poob ntawm cov qauv zoo. Cov duab PET ib txwm tau poob ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Nws nyuaj heev kom rov qab tau cov ntaub ntawv uas ploj lawm tsuas yog ua cov duab nyob rau theem tom ntej, thiab nws nyuaj rau txhim kho cov duab kawg. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov duab zoo los ntawm qhov chaw, qee qhov kev kho mob thiab lub chaw soj nstuam tau tsim kho txoj kev kawm tob tob raws li PET cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab rov tsim dua cov duab (hom plaub ntawm kev kawm sib xyaw ua ke). Cov txheej txheem nkag siab tob tob AI rau hauv txheej txheem PET kev tsim kho dua tshiab, thiab siv kev kawm tob rau kuv cov ntaub ntawv hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev sib txuas tus qauv lub cev ntawm kev rov tsim kho tsiaj PET, cov khoom siv ua tiav ncaj qha mus rau cov ntaub ntawv qub hauv cov cuab yeej siv duab, thiab kev tsim kho dua tshiab yog siv los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov duab rov tsim dua, uas txo qis qhov poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tau zoo, yog li kom tau txais cov duab PET meej dua thiab muaj zog Muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov txhab me me.
