Electrocardiography(Electrocardiography, ECG, los yog EKG) yog ib qho kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob uas sau cov electrophysiological kev ua ntawm lub plawv nyob rau hauv units ntawm lub sij hawm los ntawm lub cev phab ntsa thiab captures thiab sau nws los ntawm electrodes uas kov ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev uas tsis yog-invasive kaw.
Lub etymology ntawm Electrocardiography los ntawm peb lo lus Greek:" electro", vim hais tias nws muaj feem xyuam rau electrophysiological kev ua ub no," cardio", Greek" lub plawv", thiab" teeb", lub hauv paus Greek lub ntsiab lus:" piav qhia".
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm electrocardiogram: txhua zaus lub plawv dhia depolarization ntawm cov hlwb myocardial yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov hluav taws xob me me ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov kev hloov me me no raug ntes los ntawm electrocardiogram kaw cov cuab yeej thiab nthuav dav los piav qhia txog electrocardiogram. Thaum cov cardiomyocytes nyob rau hauv lub xeev so, muaj peev xwm sib txawv tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov concentration ntawm zoo thiab tsis zoo ions ntawm ob sab ntawm myocardial cell membrane. Depolarization yog txheej txheem uas muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm cardiomyocytes hloov sai mus rau xoom thiab ua rau cov hlwb myocardial cog lus. Nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm lub plawv noj qab haus huv, lub depolarization nthwv dej uas tsim los ntawm cov sinoatrial node hlwb propagate nyob rau hauv lub plawv raws li kev cai, ua ntej mus rau tag nrho atrium, thiab ces mus rau lub ventricle los ntawm lub" sab hauv conduction txoj kev [GG ] quot;. Yog tias ob lub electrodes tau muab tso rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub plawv, ces qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hloov pauv ntawm ob lub electrodes tuaj yeem raug kaw thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no thiab tuaj yeem tso tawm ntawm electrocardiogram lossis saib xyuas. Lub tshuab electrocardiogram tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev sib dhos ntawm tag nrho lub plawv dhia, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij.
Feem ntau, ntau tshaj ob lub electrodes tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm caj npab, thiab lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua ib khub rau kev ntsuas (xws li sab caj npab electrode (LA), sab tes xis electrode (RA), thiab sab laug ceg electrode (LL) tuaj yeem ua ke raws li hauv qab no: LA+RA, LA+LL, RA+LL). Lub teeb liab tso zis ntawm txhua tus electrode khub yog hu ua ib txheej ntawm txhuas. Yooj yim muab, cov hlau lead yog saib cov kev hloov hauv lub plawv tam sim no los ntawm ntau lub kaum ntse ntse. Cov hom ECG tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hlau lead, xws li 3-lead ECG, 5-lead ECG thiab 12-lead ECG, thiab lwm yam. 12-lead electrocardiogram yog hom kev kho mob ntau tshaj plaws. Nws tuaj yeem sau cov kev hloov pauv ntawm 12 pawg ntawm cov hlau lead ntawm lub cev nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thiab piav qhia txog 12 pawg ntawm cov hlau lead hauv electrocardiogram. Nws feem ntau siv rau kev kuaj mob electrocardiogram ib zaug. 3-lead thiab 5-lead electrocardiograms feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsis tu ncua los ntawm kev saib xyuas, xws li thaum phais lossis thaum saib xyuas cov neeg mob hauv lub tsheb thauj neeg mob. Nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam tas li no yuav tsis raug kaw tag nrho.
Lub tshuab electrocardiogram yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntsuas thiab kuaj xyuas lub plawv dhia txawv txav. Nws yog siv los kuaj xyuas lub plawv dhia tsis zoo thaum cov ntaub so ntswg hluav taws xob ntawm lub plawv puas lawm, thiab kev hloov hauv lub plawv dhia yog tshwm sim los ntawm electrolyte imbalance. Hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm myocardial infarction (MI), nws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm myocardial infarction (tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv hluav taws xob ntawm lub plawv tuaj yeem raug kaw).
Lub electrocardiogram tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm lub plawv, uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm echocardiography lossis tshuaj nuclear. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg mob uas muaj cov duab ECG ib txwm tuaj yeem muaj lub plawv nres (ib yam mob hu ua electrocardiomechanical cais).
Tus txheej txheem electrocardiogram yog kaum ob-lead (lead) system, uas yog, 12 coj ECG, uas siv kaum ob coj nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab kab rov tav dav hlau los sau cov hluav taws xob thiab lub cev kev ua ub no ntawm lub plawv hauv kaum ob qhov sib txawv. Saib xyuas lub depolarization nthwv dej los ntawm ob lub kaum ntse ntse, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm myocardial puas tsuaj raws li kev hloov pauv hauv electrocardiogram. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw, cov 12 teeb liab feem ntau yog teem rau hauv 4 kab thiab 3 kab.
Thawj kem sau cov ceg tawv (Lead I, Lead II thiab Lead III). Kab thib ob sau cov compression unipolar limb leads (aVR, aVL, thiab aVF), thiab ob kab ntawv kawg sau lub hauv siab ua (V1～V6). Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum qhov kev npaj no tsis siv, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas daim ntawv lo ntawm txhua cov hlau lead. Cov cim qhia ntawm 3 coj hauv txhua kab feem ntau yog kaw thiab luam tawm tib lub sijhawm.
Tom qab ob peb lub plawv dhia, mus rau kab tom ntej thiab pib sau cov 3 coj mus tom ntej. Thaum sau cov kab sib txawv, lub plawv dhia yuav hloov. Qhov ntev ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv txhuas yuav luv luv, feem ntau tsuas yog 1 mus rau 3 lub plawv dhia (nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub plawv dhia), yog li nws yuav nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov hauv lub plawv dhia raws li cov duab no. Yog li ntawd, 1 txog 2" cov hlua khi" feem ntau luam tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv electrocardiogram. Lub atherosclerosis feem ntau xaiv 2 coj (cov hlau lead no tuaj yeem pom cov cim hluav taws xob ventricular thiab P nthwv dej kom meej meej), thiab cov kev hloov hauv lub plawv dhia tau tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv ECG cov ntaub ntawv (feem ntau yog 5 mus rau 6 vib nas this). Txoj siv atherosclerosis kuj tseem siv tau rau lub vijtsam tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm saib ECG txuas ntxiv.
